If a penguin could fly, it might look something like Brünnich’s guillemot. This Arctic seabird, named after a Danish zoologist, nests in crowded cliff colonies. On the water, you may spot it diving for Arctic cod or squid.

Brünnich’s Guillemot At a Glance

Scientific Name Uria lomvia
Population Estimated at 15–20 million globally
Regions Arctic and sub-Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere
Destinations Jan Mayen, Iceland, Canada, Svalbard, Greenland, Norway
Average Length Adult: Males: ~0.43 m (1.4 ft), Females: ~0.41 m (1.35 ft); Newborn: ~6.5 cm (0.2 ft)
Average Weight Adult: Males: ~1.1 kg (2.4 lbs), Females: ~0.9 kg (2.0 lbs); Newborn: ~70–80 g (0.15–0.18 lbs)
Diet Habits Primarily Arctic cod and sand lance, but also crustaceans and small cephalopods

 

Cliff colony of Brünnich’s guillemots and gannets.
People in Zodiac looking for surfacing Brünnich’s guillemots.
Flock of Brünnich’s guillemots out on sea ice near Svalbard
Brünnich's guillemot in flight.

Did You Know

This thick-billed murre’s eggs are pear-shaped so they don’t roll off the cliff ledge.

Field Notes: Behavior & Biology

What does the bird look like?

The Brünnich’s Guillemot is a stout, sturdily built black and white auk. One of the largest auks, measuring 40-44 cm long, with a wingspan of 64-75 cm and weighing between 800 and 1,100 g, where the male is the largest. It is black on the upper side and white on the underside, while the pointed beak is strong and with white edges. Its legs and feet are grey and can be seen behind the tail in flight.

What are the differences between the thick-billed murre vs. common murre?

The Brünnich’s Guillemot is distinguishable from the Common Guillemot by its shorter and thicker bill, which has a white line along the sides of the upper mandible, and by the absence of dark mottling on the flanks. In breeding plumage, the head, neck, and back are black, while the underparts are white. The white breast forms a narrow wedge towards the dark foreneck. In winter plumage, the neck and throat are white, but contrary to the Common Guillemot, the darker coloring of the head extends well below the eye and down to the cheeks. The juvenile resembles the adult in winter plumage, but its bill is smaller.

How deep can they dive?

The birds typically dive up to 140 ft, though they can reach depths of 400 ft. They use their wings like underwater flippers, propelling them downward with rapid strokes.

What do they like to eat?
In the cold Arctic seas, Brünnich’s guillemots pursue a diet of Arctic cod, sand lance (small eel-like fish), and squid, using their wings to propel themselves underwater with remarkable speed and agility. It’s a feeding style that gives them the look of a bird perfectly adapted to life between air and sea.
Do they have any enemies?
Not as many as other Arctic animals because of the cliffs. However, the Arctic fox has been known to go after chicks.
How have they adapted to the Arctic?

The Brünnich’s guillemot is built for cold water. Its body retains heat efficiently, and its wings serve double duty, propelling the bird through the water column with the same power they use in flight. This lets them reach the depths where Arctic cod, squid, and other cold-water prey concentrate, including along the sea-ice edge, where food is often most abundant.

On land, they nest in dense cliff colonies. The crowding makes it harder for predators to isolate a single nest. When a chick is ready to leave, it goes before it can fly, leaping from the ledge to cut the time it spends exposed. The father meets it on the water below.

What do you call this animal?

English  Brünnich’s Guillemot / Thick-billed Murre
Danish Polarlomvie
Chinese 厚嘴海鸦 (Hòu zuǐ hǎiyā)
Swedish Spetsnäbbad simfågel
Finnish Paksunokkaliitäjä
Norwegian Polarlomvi
Polish Nurzyk grubodzioby
Japanese ハシブトウミガラス (Hashibuto-umigarasu)
Spanish Arao de Brünnich / Arao de pico grueso
French Guillemot de Brünnich / Guillemot à bec épais

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